The book of Revelation has a similar trampling of Jerusalem, which is also called the holy city.(Compare Matthew 4:5)
Revelation 11:1,2 “And a reed like a rod was given to me as he said: “Get up and measure the temple sanctuary of God and the altar and those worshipping in it. But as for the courtyard that is outside the temple sanctuary, leave it out and do not measure it, because it has been given to the nations, and they will trample the holy city underfoot for 42 months.”
And from within the book of Revelation, this holy city is the New Jerusalem, made up of the body of Christ.
Revelation 21:2 “I also saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God and prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.”
Revelation 3:12 “The one who conquers—I will make him a pillar in the temple of my God, and he will by no means go out from it anymore, and I will write upon him the name of my God and the name of the city of my God, the New Jerusalem that descends out of heaven from my God, and my own new name.”
Regarding the trampling of the Gentiles, it started when King Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the First Temple and its city, Jerusalem. As the throne of the Kings back then represented Jehovah’s throne, so when King Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the kingship, it fulfilled the trampling of the Nations.
1 Chronicles 29:23 “And Solʹo·mon sat on Jehovah’s throne as king in place of David his father, and he was successful, and all the Israelites were obedient to him.”
The kingship will only be restored at the time when the legal heir is appointed as King, so also at that time, the appointed time of the Nations will end.
Ezekiel 21:26,27 “This is what the Sovereign Lord Jehovah says: ‘Remove the turban, and take off the crown. This will not remain the same. Raise up the low one, and bring low the high one. A ruin, a ruin, a ruin I will make it. And it will not belong to anyone until the one who has the legal right comes, and I will give it to him.”
This trampling will be intensified at the time of the great tribulation, but will be ended by Jesus Christ as spoken of by prophet Daniel and the Lord Jesus himself.(Matthew 24:29-31)
Daniel 12:7 “Then I heard the man clothed in linen, who was up above the waters of the stream, as he raised his right hand and his left hand to the heavens and swore by the One who is alive forever: “It will be for an appointed time, appointed times, and half a time. As soon as the dashing to pieces of the power of the holy people comes to an end, all these things will come to their finish.”
Daniel 12:1 “During that time Miʹcha·el will stand up, the great prince who is standing in behalf of your people. And there will occur a time of distress such as has not occurred since there came to be a nation until that time. And during that time your people will escape, everyone who is found written down in the book.”
It is more likely that the prophecy will be fulfilled in spiritual understanding, like spiritual Jerusalem. But I’m open for a literal Jerusalem, now that there are plans of rebuilding the Temple in Israel.