“That statement is extremely important to me because according to the traditional understanding, John would not receive the heavenly calling simply because he lived before the new covenant was opened. So are we really going to conclude that Jehovah viewed him as less worthy or less loved than later disciples who would go to heaven? Surely not.”
This is where one really must examine the scripture. It is largely the issue that @JehuChariot is pointing out - “traditional understanding”. Traditional understanding is irrelevant to the truth as the truth is a stand-alone concept of perfection. It matters not what generations have pinned to it, for it is the context of it, the meaning of the arrangement, and the truth, of not only equality within Jehovah, but of purpose.
It is not dissimilar to the illustration of Jesus that he set before his “followers” “…..unless you drink of my blood and eat of my flesh you will not enter the kingdom of my father.”
@TheJehuChariot noted “were the children of the first century Christian’s baptised as children? Were they automatically rewarded with the heavenly hope”.
The fact of the matter was that the solution to Satan's rebellion (and lies) was decided at Eden and thus the time and events allotted to it, along with its meaning. What stood in the way was justice, rather than revenge, and justice by the law of Jehovah must be seen to be done, and not only done, but the issue proven beyond doubt.
“Beyond doubt” is a critical substance of justice, thus Christ first had to be tested on the same principle as satan - did he not? But that was not all, because along with that, was the proof required that a given number of humans too would have their
own volition, in service to Jehovah tested and likewise prove loyal unto death. Their death then, to my logic anyway - and that’s all it is - would not be valid until the point of perfect servitude under the law was proven by the highest authority - Jesus - the very offspring of the Creator. One cannot put the cart before the horse can they? The law is the law even to the son of Jehovah. Jesus had to make the perfect sacrifice of perfect life remaining loyal to Jehovah.
Insofar as the timespan before the death of Christ, It is useful to put the parable of the talents in focus - whether that is in context I know not, but to me it is. The reward for service was equal to the effort put in to the multiplying in value of that which was given them. No matter the reward, the only one who lost out was the one whom did nothing. Therein is your/our lesson in values. Thus…
How could those who came before the sacrifice take advantage of it? That is the question being asked. And it needs no answer. As for baptism; to what would they be baptised? Without the preceding evidences in the Bible such as Christ’s forebears that prove Christ’s legitimacy, how would Christ be accepted as the messiah before the sacrifice was proven completed, by not only mankind,
and his descendants but also the heavenly host and satan along with them?
You question the value of John the Baptist’s sacrifice in terms of worthiness. “Worthiness” is not the issue and does not demand reward. Everyone that gives his life for Jehovah is “worthy” but a certain reward is not a guarantee. In fact, it should not be expected at all because service to Jehovah is a joy in itself. Therein is its reward. To serve for reward defeats the value of acknowledgment. Regardless the only reward is life is it not? One must first have life to enjoy anything. It’s a reward in itself, not a position of authority. It’s certainly not status, because each one whom fulfils his given position first, in life, is only then worthy of it. Worthiness/perfection - it’s the same thing and perfection means “to fulfil the purpose for which it is intended.” Those whom lived before the event of Christ, fulfilled their role within that time and purpose, not for some future event, untried, and untested. Therefore the arrangement is Just. Justice/reward can not be rendered before the event can it? That would be without foundation and thus open to challenge.
Thus the discussion is about the remedy to satan and the justification of the law and authority of Eden. Thus John was worthy to the law of principle stated at Eden, not to the gifts that came with sacrifice in the remedy of Christ to establish the rights of Jehovah to dictate what is law. No one is being short-changed, unrewarded or above one another, but in the rightful dispensation of law according to their birth. That reeks of perfection and equality within the part played by these ones. It is both timely and fitting. Why should one seek a role outside of that which is given, or made available to them, even when they were not alive at the time of its institution?
Your point then is one of your own values and which is understandable, but we must accept Jehovah as being impartial as the Bible states, and not partial. So John was not “less than” in worthiness, and will receive his just reward. You will have to ask him yourself if he feels hard done by - and his answer will undoubtably be one of full gratitude to Jehovah. Is life itself not sufficient? How can service to Jehovah be less important dependant upon position when even a sparrow falling to earth is noticed? Why should we be viewed as “less than” in a perfect creation of which we are all a part?
Thus
@Tink ‘s point about baptism seems perfectly reasonable. Baptism is of the heart, as is position within the heart of the arrangement. We must accept the universal application of love as the whole and entire principle, rather than a position of favour. The angels applauded our creation, they desire our form of life, but they would not forsake their position for it. That should be true of us too. As @JehuChariot points out, most are not baptised with meaning in these days or will be and we can not get baptised with meaning in watchtower either. This must have been foreseen in that now we can only seek a meaningful baptism within our heart.